Upcycling and downcycling. Description Upcycling is the opposite of downcycling, which is the other part of the recycling process. Upcycling and downcycling

 
Description Upcycling is the opposite of downcycling, which is the other part of the recycling processUpcycling and downcycling upcycling and downcycling

Upcycling can be done industrially or at home! It's creative!. Explanation: Upcycling is the process of producing usable products out of waste or unwanted products and downcycling is the process of converting materials of lesser quality into products. Environment conservation. 1. Learning how to responsibly part with your jeans is an easy place to start since there are so many denim-focused options,. Tweet Share Pin Recycling Vs. Adaptive Reuse . . The advantages are primarily ascribed to the avoidance of frequent membrane replacement, which reduced the raw material and other process. Downcycling is still a form of recycling, but the “down” refers to the fact that, when the materials the product is made from are broken down, they can’t be made into a. According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s widely cited 2017 New Textiles Economy Report , roughly only one percent of clothes produced are recycled into new ones. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most consumed synthetic polyesters, has a challenging recycling process. . **Picture this: After tossing a single-use plastic bottle. In various statements, students highlighted social-ecological change and awareness-raising. Personal benefits of Upcycling. Recycling Vs Upcycling Vs Downcycling. Upcycling Prolongs the Life of Materials. Traditionally, recycled items retain their value. Downcycling. upcycling vs. RecommerceSo you wonder, what are downcycling and upcycling doing here? Downcycling and upcycling are actually recycling trends. Ideally, this should mean less need for virgin raw materials. High quality waste is transformed into a lower quality product. 2. In such cases the product. It involves collecting and converting waste and materials into downcycled material of lower quality, functionality, or value (compared to the original material) Some forms of open loop recycling may lead to downcycling Downcycling, recycling, upcycling all have their place. the activity of making new furniture, objects, etc. One of the most important environmental objectives in the. Upcycling & Downcycling. Lagoons that are fairly sheltered from the ocean will have more freshwater ecosystems. This is another big difference between upcycling and recycling: whereas, when something is recycled, the material or object loses its original form, the beauty of upcycling is that the original object can still be clearly identified after assuming its new function. Frequently asked questions about summarizing. 1. In total, 3. Downcycling is the type of recycling that many people are familiar with, such as recycling paper or plastic. Almost any material can be re-used or repurposed in some way. The key is that upcycling takes waste material and transforms it into something better and more valuable—the “up” (as in upgrade) part of “upcycling”. "Download this Vector Recycling Upcycling And Downcycling Signs Green Reuse Symbols For Ecological Design Zero Waste Lifestyle vector illustration now. Generally speaking, downcycling is breaking down the fibers of fabric to create smaller units but this is just one example. Plastic Processing: Upcycling, Recycling, Downcycling and more. Though less showy than upcycling, downcycling will extend the life of your garment, in turn reducing the amount of waste in the landfill. Downcycling is a common method for putting old clothes to use around the house, and a sure fire way get maximum use out of your clothing once you no longer want to wear them. Upcycling implies upgrading of a commodity by different processes of recycling. The research was. Set of vector recycling, upcycling and downcycling signs, isolated icons on white background. Elegant furniture made of pallets, bags from old materials, and even houses from sea containers are. Nature (2023) The vast majority of commodity plastics do not degrade and therefore they permanently pollute the environment. **Downcycling. can go a long way in making our world a better, greener place! 4. 8 kWh can come down to새활용. – By waste material type, and by recycling facilities that process different types of waste. The terms “upcycling” and “downcycling” denote processes that increase or decrease the value of a material. By upcycling and downcycling textile waste, we kept it from being incinerated or dumped in a landfill. Think of a pallet coffee table. Upcycling is an efficient way to transform plastic waste into high-value products and can significantly lessen the environmental impact of plastic production/consumption. It is good to remember that even though gossip is fun and not illegal it can. Upcycling is making something new of higher value from the material without having to do a complete recreation of raw material. 60 g of PET were converted into 4. The concept is that many “recyclable” materials slowly break down with each recycling iteration. , 2021). This collection is a valuable example that dares to change the creative perspective and invites us to work with remnants of vintage materials or fabrics. Preserve. You don’t have to stop with old denim, either. Upcycling is the opposite of downcycling, i. Upcycling and downcycling indicate that the raw material created during the cycle is better or worse compared to its original quality. Upcycling and downcycling can foster creativity by challenging you to think outside the box and find new ways to use and combine materials. Upcycling is taking pieces of fabric that would not have been. Reuse This is the complete list of articles we have written about reuse. RecommerceSo you wonder, what are downcycling and upcycling doing here? Downcycling and upcycling are actually recycling trends. During upcycling, the quality of the end material (product) is equivalent to the original material, but downcycling degrades the quality of recycled material (Ragaert et al. Basically Upcycling means to raise the quality, Recycling means to keep it on the same level and downcycling means lowering the quality. According to Busch Systems, downcycling is the process in which used and often unused products are recycled and refabricated to produce new items of lesser quality. The detailed map of current steel flows shown in Fig. Upcycling vs Downcycling . Downcycling is more like RECYCLING and RECLAIMING materials that are headed to the heap. Por exemplo, durante o processo de upcyclagem peças do motor de um veículo automotivo, podem ser usados para fazer uma luminária, ou partes de uma máquina são. However, while there are a few simple definitions of what these terms means – to follow hereafter – the concept demands a bit more attention when drilling down into material streams related to. e. Except ‘value’ is a pretty subjective term. • Distinguishing trade in waste for material recovery and trade in waste as residuals intended for energy recovery would be particularly important despite the potentially challenging task. Upcycling is reuse of an item that results in something of greater value than the original. recycling vs. Last year, Looptworks kept 12,674 metric tons of CO2 out of the air thanks to circularity. Upcycling Vs. Most recycling that people think of is considered downcycling—the process of turning high-value products into lower-value products. The term downcycling was used by Reiner Pilz in an interview by Thornton Kay of Salvo in 1994. But not all recycling forms and processes are equal. The global waste recycling services market was valued at an estimated 58 billion U. Upcycling é o oposto do downcycling, que é a outra metade do processo da reciclagem. The term ‘upcycling’ was first used by Reiner Pilz while discussing recycling or as he named it, ‘Downcycling’ in an article by Thornton Kay of Salvo in 1994. Recycling is an umbrella term. Downcycling is the least desirable of the three ways to reuse materials, although it definitely has its place, putting materials to another use instead of sending them to landfill. Thinking beyond downcycling. This is not to say that outputs from downcycling aren’t. Unlike upcycling, breaking down materials in a recycling system is emissions intensive and reinforces the unfortunate societal norm that. To guarantee the functioning of this cycle, each 4 functions would be connected by an underground network, which bypasses the footprint of the existing buildings, thereby creating an. Upcycling and downcycling can foster creativity by challenging you to think outside the box and find new ways to use and combine materials. The value of the clothing is decreased - by turning it into cloths or rags, for example - but it still retains a useful purpose. recycled furniture a woman restores and improves an old wooden chair in her workshop upcycling stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. 2 Downcycling, Recycling and Upcycling This section describes the measures taken to recover the value of the materials has turned into a waste and cannot be reused. Upcycling makes them better. Deconstruction. 2. 2. What is Shipping Container Architecture? » Repair Cafe . Nothing beats that warm and fuzzy feeling you get inside when you’ve done something great for the planet. Using food waste to create compost is also a form. Upcycling – creating items of greater value. the processing of secondary raw materials into less valuable products, e. We have learned that to items must go to the proper recycle stream to. One-of-a-kind items. Environment conservation. Different Types Of Recycling. You can experiment with different shapes, colors. Many materials lose their positive properties in the recycling process and can only be used meaningfully in combination with primary material. Green reuse symbols for ecological design. The term downcycling is often used anecdotally to describe imperfections in recycling. What is Shipping Container Architecture? » Repair Cafe . Since the 1950s, the increase in mass production of plastics has led to 8. Utilizing materials that would otherwise be thrown away to create something new is known as upcycling, while downcycling is the opposite. If upcycling is recycling something to have more value, downcycling is recycling to remove value. These products are dismantled and repurposed to generate an item much less value than the previous one. We divert these excess materials by extending their life as high quality upcycled products or by downcycling them into home insulation or energy. • Another potential issue is the definition and classification of waste, scrap and secondaryUpcycling and downcycling are the topics that this paper will discuss and present. 2. developing upcycling and downcycling value chains with partners. This. The reality is that recycling is a complicated process. To downcycle an item is to repurpose it into something of lesser quality or value. Upcycling also supports a circular economy. From Upcycling Clothes To Upcycling Art – Rubbish And The New Upcycling Economy. Downcycling involves recycling the material over and over again, causing it to lose its quality. 3. Manufacturers can use them to build low-cost benches, decking, and more. Upcycling is a creative process where waste is looked at as a resource. Traditionally textile waste recycling refers to the reprocessing of textile waste (mechanically or chemically) for use in both new textile products and non-textile products (Sandin. Upcycling is the process of transforming used materials into new products of higher quality and greater value. Downcycling and upcycling are actually recycling trends. upcycling and reselling, we can reduce the use of water from 78. out of old or used things or waste material…. Often misunderstood, recycling, upcycling and downcycling do not mean the same thing. But upcycling is even better. Find Upcycling stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, 3D objects, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. In this sense, the upcycled object is a kind of tribute to the object it used to be. Reducing waste. Upcycling is a form of recycling that involves transforming unwanted or useless products, waste products, and byproducts into high-value and functional repurposed and upcycled products. The two words are often. Gone are the days where you need to. Get in touch with us now. Restyling, upcycling and repurposing are all ways of eking a bit of extra life out of a garment. Upcycling and downcycling have different end results: Upcycling: A form of recycling that repurposes waste, product, or materials into a substance of higher value. Set of vector recycling, upcycling and downcycling signs, isolated icons on white background. Instead of mining or creating new raw materials, it should be possible to use recycled. Both upcycling and downcycling are forms of recycling. ‘. Knowing the difference between upcycling and downcycling it is clear that using advanced recycling as a method of upcycling healthcare plastics is the most viable option for a cleaner, more sustainable. At this point, the material will become unusable. Downcycling is the process by which discarded products or materials are broken down to create products that are of lesser value or quality than the original manufactured object or material. Downcycling is a more industrial process, requiring more energy and resources than upcycling. In order of decreasing effectiveness are upcycling, recycling, and downcycling. If the product made from recycled material is of higher quality or value than the original product, it is termed ‘upcycling’; the opposite of this is known as ‘downcycling’. Upcycling is a process which typically requires less time and effort. Downcycling. The German engineer introduced the words in an article by Thornton Kay published in SalvoNews, in which the author quotes Pilz. When we transform a product into something which has less 2. Both reusing and repurposing might include both the upcycling and downcycling of materials in some instances Materials That Can Be Re-Used Or Repurposed. Retrieved November 23, 2023 from / releases / 2019 / 02 / 190227111210. If the product made from recycled material is of higher quality or value than the original product, it is termed ‘upcycling’; the opposite of this is known as ‘downcycling’. The global waste recycling services market was valued at an estimated 58 billion U. Both recycling and upcycling reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills around the world. The. Downcycling prevents the material from simply being discarded and ending up in a landfill. At present, less than 20% of post-consumer plastic waste in developed. Upcycling and Downcycling. g. downcycling: What’s the difference? BakiBG/Getty Images There are so many buzzwords when it comes to sustainability, but there are key differences in a few commonly heard terms—and the impact they have on the environment. Check out some of the strengths, weaknesses and challenges of each process and get the inspiration for adopting them into your daily life. Unlike more sustainable recycling processes, downcycled products decrease in value and cannot be used for the same purpose. converts the material into something of greater value than it originally was. In downcycling, the value of the material decreases in the process of remanufacturing. Last year, Looptworks kept 12,674 metric tons of CO2 out of the air thanks to circularity. Like if office paper materials create recycled. Although the environmental impacts of the downcycling process were smaller than that of the upcycling process (Fig. Upcycling, reuse concept. One of the keys to saving our planet is. It doesn’t involve removing species from their natural ecosystems. , 2021). There is no cycle but instead a series of steps that ultimately lead to a landfill. Current steel flows and downcycling practices. Interestingly, although upcycling has existed for many years, the fashion industry has recently seen a. As such, upcycling can be described as the opposite of downcycling, which downgrades the value of the material and discards the work and value invested in it. This concept places value on the resources which make up our products, and follows a circular model of: use → recycle → reuse. Downcycling, on the other hand, involves breaking down components into raw materials. 업사이클링 (Upcycling)이라는 개념은 1994년 독일의 라이너 필츠 (Riner Pilz)가 소개한 것으로 버려진 자원이나 쓸모없는 폐품을 원재료로 분해하는 과정인 리사이클링을 ‘다운사이클' (Downcycling)’로 정의하고, 이와 대비되는 개념으로 제품 또는 재료의 가치를. Now a conversion strategy addresses this problem and paves the way to upcycle. What exactly do these terms mean and what is the difference between them? Upcycled wetsuits versus recycled wetuits. Get in touch with us now. Downcycling where the product of the recycled material is of lower quality. Downcycling is related to but different from 'open-loop recycling'. The short questionnaire study showed that upcycling has potential to create high attachment leading to product longevity. For more tips on upcycling and living a sustainable lifestyle, take a look at our other blog posts . “There are so many opportunities that can come out of recycling, upcycling and downcycling. Especially in elementary school, upcycling offers a wonderful opportunity to teach students about environmentally conscious use of resources. Both upcycling and downcycling are forms of recycling. Plastics undergo different recycling strategies, predominantly categorized as upcycling (products with higher values than the corresponding plastics) or downcycling (products with lower values than the corresponding plastics) methods. and broken down. For most of us within the small professional circles of sustainable fashion, the terms ‘upcycling’, ‘recycling’, and ‘downcycling’ flow aeasy over our lips. Recycling waste means that the raw materials and energy are put back into the commercial cycle. THE LIST is a daily TV show that covers the hottest trends and topics in life hacks, pop culture, deals and gadgets to make your life a little easier. it was not uncommon to see a broken door. “Upcycling is taking discards and making them into a different and value added product while downcycling is making the same product; although called ‘recycling’ most recycling is actually downcycling, as many plastics lose their durability during the. Upcycling on the other hand is a process by which waste is taken in its current state, and instead of being broken down,. Downcycling is what you may be most familiar with. It’s an inspiring journey! Discovering the benefits of upcycling The benefits to upcycling are plentiful, including environmental, creative, and financial. In this Primer, Xu et al. . ”Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like quiz 9,. While sustainable fashion comprises a vast number of concepts, key terms like reusing, recycling, upcycling and downcycling are extremely relevant. There are two kinds of manufacturing: downcycling and upcycling. According to Busch Systems, downcycling is the process in which used and often unused products are recycled and refabricated to produce new items of lesser quality. In this unit, you will find materials for planning and conducting an. Think of an old, uninteresting table that is sanded down, painted a new color, and given new decorative features. By recycling or reusing existing materials, the use of raw materials can be reduced. PET/PLA) to value-added chemicals, such as 1,4-benzenedimethanol and ethylene. It is typically defined as a process of keeping or increasing the value or quality of the used or waste materials, components or products, giving a second life to the compositional elements (McDonough & Braungart, 2013; Sung, 2017 ). Firstly, What Are Upcycling & Downcycling? We’ve provided definitions of upcycling and downcycling in this guide, and also compared upcycling and. Downcycling can be thought of as the opposite of upcycling. Once the backpack wears out, it can be torn up and used it to stuff a dog bed. The goal of upcycling is to prevent wasting potentially useful materials by making use of existing ones. They rather focussed on recycling, upcycling and (plastic) packaging than on the problematic eco-efficiency of downcycling. recycling vs. Downcycling, in contrast, is the devaluation of a piece. They smash bricks, smash everything. In situ conservation. To reuse an item is to make use of it whether for its original purpose or to upcycle or repurpose it. Join the loop. Many plastic bottles and containers can never be turned into new plastic containers. Mount old spanners on the wall to make shabby chic robe and utensil hooks. Forskellen mellem upcycling, recycling og downcycling handler om, hvorvidt der skabes et produkt med større, mindre eller den samme værdi i forhold til det produkt, man i forvejen havde. 5 gallons of water to only 1. [1] 새활용 (영: Upcyling) 이란 리너 필츠. Upcycling is considered to be better aligned with Circular Economy principles and its implementation in the industry requires a comprehensive anal. m. Large amounts of plastics are discarded worldwide each year, leading to a significant mass of waste in landfills and pollution to soil, air, and waterways. When you partner with Looptworks, you join a circular system that’s making a positive impact on our environment. Step 1: Read the text. For example, plastic is downcycled because plastic fibers lose their strength and quality with use. Upcycling is not an issue when focusing on closing material cycles, but downcycling is an existing and complex problem. A cycle focused on production, recycling, upcycling and downcycling, and therefore hydroponics, composting, biodegradable packaging and biobased products. For example, in Europe about 15–20% of disposed textiles are collected (the rest is landfilled or incinerated), whereof about 50% is downcycled and 50% is reused, mainly through exporting to developing countries ( Textile Recycling. They provided. Secondary use of plastic bottle in garden pot with green plants. The item is reimagined and reborn. converts the material into something of greater value than it originally was. This section describes the measures taken to recover the value of the materials. There’s Recycling, Downcycling, Precycling and the Buzzword of the Moment, ‘Upcycling’. We all know what the basis of Recycling is: a practice that takes an item and targets it for reuse, returning it back to the cycle of daily contribution to s. . Catalytic pyrolysis is one of the promising techniques which can convert waste plastics into high-quality liquid hydrocarbons [107, 111,112,113,114]. Upcycling, recycling, and downcycling are all related but aren’t considered equal to each other. Essentially, the difference between downcycling and upcycling is that downcycling creates a lower-grade version of the same thing and upcycling transforms old materials into a new, different, high-quality item. Waste Reduction Through Upcycling and Downcycling. Downcycled materials can therefore only be used to make a different type of product than the original. Where recycling converts plastic bottles into microfiber jackets, upcycling turns newsprint into notebooks, or broken skateboards into hip, colorful benches. Some of the main types of recycling might be categorised in the following ways: – Mechanical, energy and chemical recycling. ขวดแก้ว ที่ผ่านการ Upcycling. Some experts argue that all recycling is downcycling, at its core. While we might use terms like upcycling, recycling and downcycling. S. In turn, by extending the life of existing products, upcycling promotes both sustainability and a circular economy. Reuse This is the complete list of articles we have written about reuse. Another significant difference is that recycling is usually a chemical reconstruction of the items, whereas upcycling is a total alteration that makes something totally new out of used products or waste. 56 g of PVC and 5. An attractive alternative is upcycling, which aims to dig out the embedded value to incentivize large-scale valorization of plastic wastes. such that the mechanical recycling is also termed “downgrading” or “downcycling. An example of upcycling is to make roads out of cheap plastic. The amount of time, energy, and money required for the recycling process also play an important role in the grouping of different recycled materials. This is a more sustainable approach to recycling, as it reduces the need for more resources and energy to produce new goods. If upcycling is recycling something to have more value, downcycling is recycling to remove value. Many plastic bottles and containers can never be turned into new plastic containers. For example, the paper in a book can be transformed into recycled paper. Upcycling clothes means pushing the fabric up, out from its original cycle―to create something better. Upcycling vs. A glass bottle. Precycling means adopting a lifestyle that produces a relatively small amount of materials that end up in a landfill or recycling bin. Upcycling— converting an item or material into something of equal or more excellent value. Current PET recycling methods have achieved downcycling, which produces low. Overall, the practice of upcycling clothes lowers the demand for new clothing production, which is extremely wasteful and destructive for the planet. An overview of repair cafes. introduced a novel regeneration technique allowing the EoL ultrafiltration membrane to regain its filtration performance following specific solvent treatment (Tian et al. The experimental process developed by the authors includes the design process of fashion denim disposed by the consumers at the end-of-life. Recycling is commonplace in Europe and other regions, but not all of our waste can be recycled. While sustainable fashion comprises a vast number of concepts, key terms like reusing, recycling, upcycling and downcycling are extremely relevant. It typically requires creativity and labor to upcycle items. Upcycling is reuse of an item that results in something of greater value than the original. There is a difference between mechanical recycling, resale, upcycling and downcycling that each affect the circular economy differently. Upcycling turns regular recycling on its head, taking old materials and making them into higher valued materials. Recycling waste means that the raw materials and energy are put back into the commercial cycle. In most cases you clean the item and either add, remove or replace features to give it a longer shelf life and improve its aesthetic appeal. Downcycling still limits waste, but because the value of the textile is degraded, it does not capture the full value of the garment as much as textile-to-textile recycling does. Upcycling is taking pieces of fabric that would not have been useful otherwise and making them into a dress. , 2018), in the textiles industry (Paras & Curteza, 2018), and for chemicals and plastics (Korley et al. นอกจากจะลด. Downcycling happens when stuff is recycled to produce new items of lesser quality than the original item. , Oct 24, 2023. downcycling Upcycling refers to the process of improving an existing product by modifying it in a way that makes it appealing to consumers. Closed-loop recycling involves recycling of a. Utilizing materials that would otherwise be thrown away to create something new is known as upcycling, while downcycling is the opposite. A colorful quote from engineer Reiner Pilz (“Recycling? I call it DOWNcycling. Plastic bags are one of the most reused things in a middle-class Indian household. Upcycling As part of sustainable fashion, upcycling is anticipating and imagining new purposes for existing products and available excess materials from manufacturing. 1. . Upcycling, downcycling and precycling are all variations of recycling which aims to improve efficiency of resource use and minimize landfill waste by ‘closing the loop’. It is not as disruptive as ex situ conservation, i. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate. 3). Using food waste to create compost is also a. An overview of shipping container architecture. Twins Lucia and Quinn Russell of Alexandria, Virginia, discuss how to uses small bells available to buy at Up-Cycle Creative Reuse. Landfilling of textile waste is a prevalent option that is deemed unsustainable. Textiles:If the most widespread phenomenon of recycling is to provide that a waste object is transformed to create something of equal value, when it comes to upcycling and downcycling instead, the value of the object changes. Upcycling As part of sustainable fashion, upcycling is anticipating and imagining new purposes for existing products and available excess materials from manufacturing. That is, whether it is for upcycling or downcycling in question. For example, steel scrap from end-of-life. So, even though downcycling seems like the worst of the bunch, remember it has its place. You don’t need to be a. Also, both activities reduce the need for the production of new materials, which means there will be less pollution and carbon emissions produced by manufacturers. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like quiz 9,. Opportunities for Upcycling and Downcycling. These technological advancements have. FabScrap provides a pick-up and sorting service for unwanted scraps of pre-consumer textile waste from across New York and engages local creative communities in practices of re-use, upcycling, downcycling, and recycling. In brief, upcycling is discussed and already reviewed, for example, as a creative practice (Bridgens et al. หากมองกันผิวเผินแล้ว Upcycle อาจดูคล้ายคลึงกับ Recycle แต่เมื่อลงลึกในรายละเอียดจะพบว่าทั้งสองคำนี้มีวิธีการและวัตถุ. This article focuses on the upscaling of polymers. Downcycling means using textile waste and existing clothing as base materials to make new garments of lesser quality, while upcycling aims to make ones that are better than the original. We place our waste into a bin, and it is picked up by a recycle truck a few times each month. But, textile-to-textile recycling accounts for the lowest recycling rate, compared to re-use, upcycling, and downcycling. Upcycling is an approach that is gaining more and more importance in today's world as it combines sustainable and creative action. Essentially, the difference between downcycling and upcycling is that downcycling creates a lower-grade version of the same thing and upcycling transforms old materials into a new, different, high-quality item. Schematic illustration of upcycling and downcycling of end-of-life polymeric membranes. It seems mathematical but, in reality, it is a dynamic that goes very well with fashion: in upcycling, from the processing of. 2. Let’s get into it! Not all textiles are recycled the same way. downcycling? Learn how you can improve your sustainability game with our conscious consumer guide. Upcycling where the product of the recycled material is of higher quality. In brief, upcycling is discussed and already reviewed, for example, as a creative practice (Bridgens et al. This has. Recycle-Upcycle-Downcycle. The circular economy principles in the building sector, performance-based building design together with downcycling and upcycling theories are applied to develop a methodology aiming to reduce the. To downcycle an item is to repurpose it into something of lesser quality or value. หากมองกันผิวเผินแล้ว Upcycle อาจดูคล้ายคลึงกับ Recycle แต่เมื่อลงลึกในรายละเอียดจะพบว่าทั้งสองคำนี้มีวิธีการและวัตถุ. Manufacturers can use them to build low-cost benches, decking, and more.